summarize
In the past few decades, positioning technology has changed dramatically, from around 2000, the first generation of GPS dominated, car navigation systems gradually entered people's field of vision, at that time, the navigation accuracy of the range of about 100 meters; to around 2010, with the rapid expansion of smart phones, cellular technology continues to improve, we have a higher demand for positioning and navigation! In 2010, with the rapid expansion of smartphones and cellular technology, we had a higher demand for positioning and navigation, and the second generation of location-based applications continued to appear, and applications such as taking a taxi or looking for a hotel penetrated into our daily lives, and now we can't get away from this system, even if we are familiar with the road we will turn on the navigation to estimate the time of arrival, and the accuracy of the navigation can be as high as 10 meters, with a delay of less than one second. In the past 10 years, theinterior positioningbegan to come into view, starting with enterprise-level applications, such as asset location, personnel location, security, and real-time precise positioning in industrial scenarios; followed by personal consumer-level applications, where finding things and tracking personal belongings are becoming more and more popular. Based onUWB,ZigBeeWith Bluetooth, WIFI and 5G technologies, the future of indoor positioning will be even more widespread and pervasive, enabling more accurate, precise, reliable and seamless positioning both indoors and outdoors.
Bluetooth technology has benefited from its almost ubiquitous integration in devices such as smartphones, increasing its market share year after year; according to theBluetooth Market Update Report 2022, from 2021 to 2026, annual shipments of Bluetooth-enabled devices will grow 1.5 times, with a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 9%; for the first time, annual Bluetooth device shipments are expected to exceed 7 billion units in 2026. The application of Bluetooth positioning has also become one of the fastest-growing industries in the Bluetooth application scenario due to the introduction of low-power Bluetooth. According to analysts' forecasts, the compound annual growth rate (CAGR) in Bluetooth positioning service devices from 2022 to 2026 will be 25%, and shipments of Bluetooth positioning devices will reach 568 million units by 2026.
Bluetooth specification
The Bluetooth specification was developed byBluetooth Special Interest GroupConducts development and updates; The Bluetooth Special Interest Group (Bluetooth SIG), a standards organization that oversees the development of Bluetooth standards and the licensing of Bluetooth technology and trademarks to manufacturers, is a nonprofit, non-stock corporation founded in September 1998 and headquartered in Kirkland, WA, The SIG Bluetooth SIG does not make, manufacture, or sell Bluetooth-enabled products.
One of the key reasons for the tremendous success of Bluetooth technology is the tremendous flexibility it offers developers. Offering two radio options, Bluetooth technology provides developers with a versatile set of full-stack, fit-for-purpose solutions to meet the growing demand for wireless connectivity.
Whether the product is streaming high-quality audio between smartphones and speakers, transferring data between tablets and medical devices, or sending messages between thousands of nodes in a building automation solution, Low Energy Bluetooth (LE) and Classic Bluetooth radios are designed to meet the unique needs of developers worldwide.
Bluetooth Specification Overview-Bluetooth-Technology-Overview.pdf
Classic Bluetooth
Before 2010 Bluetooth technology is basically classic Bluetooth, Bluetooth 1.0/2.0/2.1/3.0 speaks of classic Bluetooth, there is no description of low-power Bluetooth in it; classic is a low-power radio that transmits data over 79 channels in the 2.4GHz unlicensed Industrial, Scientific and Medical (ISM) band. Supporting peer-to-peer device communication, Bluetooth Classic includes BR, EDR and HS (AMP) modes; primarily used to enable wireless audio streaming, it has become the standard radio protocol behind wireless speakers, headphones and in-car entertainment systems. Bluetooth Classic radio also supports data transfer applications, including mobile printing
Low Power Bluetooth
In 2010, the SIG alliance merged with the Wibree alliance (Note: Wibree alliance was founded by Nokia and Nordic, aiming to find a lower-power wireless communication technology for cell phone peripherals), and renamed the low-power wireless technology proposed by Wibree alliance as low-power Bluetooth (BLE), and from then on, BLE has also become a kind of Bluetooth technology. Accordingly, the Bluetooth 4.0 specification released in 2010 contains both classic Bluetooth and low-power Bluetooth, that is to say, since Bluetooth 4.0, Bluetooth is divided into classic Bluetooth and low-power Bluetooth. So far, Bluetooth technology itself contains four types: BR (Basic Rate), EDR (Enhanced Data Rate), AMP (Alternate Media Access Control and Physical) and LE (Low Energy).
The BLE Low Power Bluetooth (LE) radio is designed for very low power operation. The Bluetooth LE radio transmits data over 40 channels in the 2.4GHz license-free ISM band, providing developers with great flexibility to build products that meet the unique connectivity requirements of their markets. Low-power Bluetooth LE supports a wide range of communication topologies, extending from point-to-point to broadcast and, more recently, mesh networking, enabling Bluetooth technology to support the creation of reliable networks of large devices. While Bluetooth LE was originally known for its device communication capabilities, it is now also widely used as a device positioning technology to meet the growing demand for highly accurate indoor positioning services. Bluetooth LE now includes features that enable one device to determine the presence, distance and direction of another device.
Bluetooth indoor positioning
By accurately tracking assets and people through RTLS, organizations can save tens to hundreds of billions of dollars globally through valuable use cases such as increased operational efficiency, improved worker safety and loss prevention. For example, in healthcare environments, thousands of lives could be saved if RTLS were used to enforce health compliance to help fight healthcare-associated infections (HAIs). In the U.S. alone, there are more than 80,000 HAI-related deaths each year. Also, there are tens of billions of dollars associated with increased healthcare worker productivity and savings from potential equipment loss.
In manufacturing facilities, billions of dollars are lost in unplanned downtime due to the inability to locate assets, tools and equipment. In warehouses, RTLS can help automate the tracking of assets, such as pallets, which is becoming increasingly important as the size, complexity, and number of stored assets continue to grow.Worker safety applications enabled by RTLS are another growing opportunity. Approximately 35,000 forklift accidents occur in the U.S. each year, resulting in billions of dollars in compensation, equipment damage and lost downtime. Knowing the precise location of workers and vehicles can help prevent costly accidents.
Essentially, the opportunities for RTLS in the enterprise are virtually limitless, and Bluetooth technology already addresses many of these use cases today. With Bluetoothgeodesyand other technologies to further improve its accuracy, which are already available and on the market and will allow it to target some of the more stringent use cases that require meter or sub-meter accuracy
Inventory and logistics challenges drive demand for efficient transportation and warehousing solutions. An increasing number of commercial and industrial facilities are turning to Bluetooth asset management solutions to optimize resources and inventory control
Quuppa Bluetooth High Precision Positioning
The Quuppa Intelligent Positioning System™ provides a powerful engine tool for location-based services and applications. Low-power Bluetooth® technology, unique angle-of-arrival signal processing, and advanced proprietary algorithms combine to provide real-time accurate location data
Introduction to Quuppa
Quuppa was founded in September 2012 by a team responsible for developing high-precision indoor positioning technology at the former Nokia R&D center.Quuppa focuses on the Angle-of-Arrival algorithm (a measurement means to calculate the orientation of a positioned object by the angle of arrival of the signal). When there is only one Bluetooth locator in the environment where the tagged object or person is located, the system is able to locate the object's two-dimensional spatial position; if there are more than two locators, the three-dimensional spatial position of the measured object can be sensed and the accuracy of the positioning can be improved.
Key features of the Quuppa system
- Quuppa systems provide positioning accuracy typically to 0.5 meters, or less than one meter; Quuppa systems use private frequency bands, and standard Quuppa tags can be sent at frequencies up to 50 Hz. In hockey, even this update rate is still insufficient. The Quuppa system itself, however, has no limitations, and tags can be configured for 200 Hz or even higher, with latency reduced to 20 milliseconds or less.
- The Quuppa system is based on Bluetooth® wireless technology and can track any low-power Bluetooth® device that sends Quuppa-specific packets. Android and Apple devices can be tracked by the Quuppa system with just a few lines of code added to the application.
- The ID number of the Quuppa tag can be read by a Bluetooth-enabled device without the need for a locator. For example, a doctor can use a cell phone to read the number of a tag worn by a patient and send a request to a cloud service for important patient information.
- There is a wide choice of tags, from Quuppa and partner tags, to using Quuppa's QT1 module directly, or designing your own tags using the firmware libraries and circuit diagrams we have developed. Basically, with partial modifications to the software, Bluetooth® devices can be tracked by the Quuppa system.
- Quuppa standard tags are suitable for almost every application. Lightweight, shockproof and waterproof, they can be worn on a lanyard or attached to a fixture. However, the design or functionality is not always optimal for all scenarios. If you are interested in developing a customized tag, we will provide design information such as reference circuit diagrams, design drawings, and bills of materials.
- In addition to localization, the Quuppa system can also be used as an IoT gateway, receiving Bluetooth® sensor data and exporting this data. As more and more Bluetooth® devices are connected to the IoT, the devices themselves, together with information about their surroundings, can be displayed by the Quuppa system. Data from sensors in the IoT can also be received by the Quuppa system and exported via an open and configurable API platform.
- The Quuppa system can be plugged into legacy systems via pull or push, in standard JSON/REST or CSV form. the API is open and fully configurable, and comes with an editor to write your own API. the Quuppa API can export a wide range of sensor data, including heart rate, gyroscope, compass, magnetometer, barometer, temperature, humidity, and much more.
- Thanks to low-power Bluetooth® technology, Quuppa tags consume very little power. The standard QT1-1 model tag can last up to three years, or about 94.6 million packets per second. Using on-board sensors and geo-fencing to activate the tag only when needed can extend battery life by years. Typically, battery manufacturers limit the maximum life of the battery
- Once installed, the Quuppa system requires very little maintenance. The system comes with a monitoring feature that will send warning messages when something is out of the ordinary.
- The locator is equipped with a built-in acceleration sensor, which senses a touch immediately, including when it is offline. The system also repairs itself when power is cut off.
- The Quuppa system is based on Bluetooth® wireless technology and is compatible with standard mobile devices. However, the 2. 4 GHz frequency bands are particularly crowded, so operating in these bands is not a simple matter.The Quuppa Intelligent Positioning System™ uses advanced, proprietary algorithms to provide a robust and reliable solution in even the most challenging environments. For example, at particularly crowded trade shows, in large stadiums, the Quuppa system is protected from electromagnetic interference from other systems. When tracking high-speed moving objects, such as hockey players and pucks, the Quuppa system can be configured to private band mode, cranking up the positional refresh rate and shielding it from interference from other wireless devices such as Bluetooth®, WiFi or wireless headsets.
World Power related Bluetooth Positioning products
Bluetooth Positioning Application Areas
Industry 4.0: collision avoidance, asset tracking, inventory management, quality control
Security: Employee & Safety Management, Access Control, Personnel Tracking, Prison
Intelligent Buildings: Location Services, Access Control, Employee Safety, Work Efficiency, Space Optimization
Sports: statistics, data analytics, fan interaction, training, athlete performance, strategic deployment, betting, television broadcasts
Healthcare: employee safety, asset tracking, inventory management, patient safety, hand hygiene compliance
Reception services: visitor behavior analysis, private VIP services, location-aware services, navigation services
Retail: consumer behavior analysis, in-store navigation, anti-theft alarms, customer service monitoring
Related information and resources
U-BLOX Bluetooth Indoor Positioning
Bluetooth Low Power Starter Kit - Bluetooth_LE_Primer_Pape
Bluetooth Market Analysis Report 2022 - 2022 Market Update _ Bluetooth® Technology Website
Bluetooth Location Services-Location_Services_Infographic.bluetooth.pdf
Enhancing-Bluetooth-Location-Service_FINAL
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