[Internet of Things Communication Technology]--Power Carrier PLC

summarize

With the diversification of IoT applications, connecting a large number of IoT devices to thecommunications interfaceThe modalities are not limited toWiFi,Ethernet,RS485/RS232. In addition, the requirements for these networks include not only communication performance, but also reliability, cost, etc., so PLC technology is also an option.

Power Carrier PLC (Power Line Carrier), also known as Power Line Communication (Power Line Communication), is a communication method for data transmission through power lines as an information transmission medium, which loads high-frequency signals containing information on the power lines for transmission, and then the receiving end uses the relevant adapter to separate the high-frequency signals from the electric current. The receiver then uses an adapter to separate the high frequency signal from the current, thus realizing the power transmission of data and signals.

Power line carriers can be carried on high voltage power lines (above 35KV), medium voltage power lines (around 10KV) and low voltage distribution lines (380V or 220V).

Development History

• In the early 1900s, power line telephony was one of the earliest attempts to filter electrical signals down the power lines in the same transformer supply line
• In 1991, the U.S. Electronic Industries Association, established a home bus standard for power lines
• In 1997, Northern Telecom enabled electric utilities to transmit data and voice services at 1 Mbps over power lines
• Siemens' Powerline Bus extends applications from the home to cellular telecom access ports and transmits data at 1 Mbps
• Thirteen companies, including Cisco, Intel, Hewlett-Packard, Panasonic and Sharp, have formed the HomePlugPowerline Alliance to create a common standard for home powerline network communications technology.
• German power industry giant RWE Power has launched a new technology called Power Grid, a new transmission technology that will be able to transmit a variety of Internet data signals through the power lines, thereby greatly advancing the popularity of the Internet
• In 2001, Japan's Kyushu Electric Power, Tokyo Electric Power and Mitsubishi Electric, Fujitsu and Panasonic collaborated to develop technology for transmitting and receiving images over power lines.
• 2001 China Guodian Communication Center conducted PLC application experiments in Beijing residential areas
• Due to the special characteristics of the power system, in order to ensure stable and reliable communications, most of the world's electric power companies are mainly self-built to establish a dedicated communication network for the power system

Working Principle

When sending and receiving data between two devices, the data is modulated at the transmitter and the modulated signal is superimposed on the AC or DC supply voltage. In the receiver, the data is extracted by separating the supply voltage from the modulating signal with a filter and demodulating the modulating signal.The PLC can be used on AC power lines as well as DC power lines. For example, it can be used for batteries, lighting, charging electric vehicles, etc.

Types of PLC technology

Relevant standards

In the home, the IEEE 1901 standard specifies how existing AC wiring should be used globally for data.IEEE 1901 includes HD-PLC and HomePlug AV as baseline technologies. Any IEEE 1901 product can coexist and be fully interoperable between products using the same technology. On the other hand, IF home control devices remain split, although X10 tends to dominate. For grid use, the IEEE approved a low-frequency (≤500 kHz) standard called IEEE 1901.2 in 2013

A number of competing organizations have developed specifications, including the HomePlug Powerline Alliance (disbanded), the Universal Powerline Association (disbanded) and theHD-PLC AllianceIn October 2009, the ITU-T adopted the G.hn/G.9960 Recommendation as a network standard for high-speed powerline, coaxial cable and telephone line communications. The National Energy Marketing Association (a U.S. trade organization) is also involved in advocating the standard.

In July 2009, the IEEE Powerline Communications Standards Committee approved its draft standard for broadband over powerline. the IEEE 1901 final standard was published on December 30, 2010, and includes functionality for HomePlug and HD-PLC. Powerline communications through devices compliant with the IEEE 1901 and IEEE 1905 standards are indicated by nVoy certification of all major vendors of such devices committed in 2013. nIST has listed IEEE 1901 (HD-PLC, HomePlug AV) and ITU-T G.hn for the U.S. Smart Grid." Additional Standards Identified by NIST for Further Review".IEEE also proposed a low-frequency, long-range smart grid standard in 2013 called IEEE 1901.2

Application Areas

• Internal networks: can be wired using the home's internal mains power supply to provide high-speed data transmission to the home
• Powerline broadband: broadband Internet access can be provided over outdoor power lines
• Narrowband internal applications: low rate services such as home automation and intercoms can be controlled and communicated over internal power
• Narrowband outdoor applications: can be used for meter reading and remote monitoring and control

There are many scenarios that can be applied, not limited to the following range of applications

• Advanced Metering Infrastructure System
• microinverter
• HVAC system
• escalator
• accumulators
• Intelligent Street Light
• Lighting control system
• intercom system
• Surveillance Camera System

resource link

• PLC Alliance
• Shanghai Yunma Semiconductor Technology Co.
• MegaChips Corporation
• Socionext Inc
• Xingtera