{"id":1579,"date":"2022-05-18T15:41:42","date_gmt":"2022-05-18T07:41:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/store.west-hn.com\/?p=1579"},"modified":"2022-08-08T11:16:48","modified_gmt":"2022-08-08T03:16:48","slug":"ultra-wideband-technology-uwb","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/store.west-hn.com\/en\/ultra-wideband-technology-uwb\/","title":{"rendered":"[Indoor Positioning Technology] - Ultra Wide Band (UWB) Technology"},"content":{"rendered":"

Overview of positioning technology<\/h2>\n\n
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Positioning is a mechanism and system for determining the position of an object (including a person himself or other living things) in space; so far positioning technology has had global coverage with meter-level accuracy to workspace coverage with sub-millimeter-level accuracy, and has been used in a wide range of fields. From the coverage of planetary level positioning (can identify the position of each planet), global navigation satellite system positioning (the United States of America's GPS, Russia's GLONASS, Europe's Galileo, China's BeiDou, India's IRNSS), regional positioning (the military use more, similar to the United States of America's LORAN long-distance navigation system, which can cover 2,500 kilometers and the precision of the 30 kilometers) and local system positioning; of which the local system positioning; which has a meter-level precision global coverage to sub-millimeter precision workspace coverage, the application of a very wide range of fields. system) and local system positioning; of which local system positioning includes indoor positioning, workspace positioning and high performance in high-speed machine tools, laser scanning process. The branches of positioning technology broadly contain the following categories:<\/p>\n\n

  1. Acoustic localization is the use of sound to determine the distance and direction of its source or reflector. Localization can be active or passive and can occur in gases (e.g., the atmosphere), liquids (e.g., water or grease) and solids (e.g., in soil or wood).<\/li>
  2. TOF (Time of flight) technology: Distance is determined by measuring the propagation time of a pulsed signal between a transmitter and a receiver; when the distances to at least three positions are known, a fourth position can be determined using trilateration. The Global Positioning System (GPS) is an example.<\/li>
  3. Space scanning systems use (optical) beacons and sensors; by aligning the sensors with the beacons, the angle between them can be measured. By triangulation, the position of an object can be determined<\/li>
  4. The main advantage of inertial navigation positioning is that it does not require an external reference voltage source. Instead, it uses gyroscopes to measure rotation, or accelerometers to measure position relative to a known starting position and orientation. Since these systems measure relative rather than absolute position, they can suffer from cumulative errors and are therefore susceptible to drift. Periodic recalibration of the system will provide greater accuracy<\/li>
  5. The phase difference system locates the phase shift of the input signal from the moving target transmitter versus the phase change of the input signal from the reference transmitter. This allows the relative motion of the transmitter with respect to the receiver to be calculated. As with inertial sensing systems, phase difference systems may suffer from cumulative errors and are therefore subject to drift, but because phase can be measured continuously, they are capable of generating high data rates<\/li>
  6. Direct magnetic field sensing positioning uses a known magnetic field to derive direction or position: a simple compass uses the Earth's magnetic field to know its orientation in two directions. An inclinometer uses the Earth's gravitational field to know its orientation in the remaining third direction. The magnetic field used for orientation does not necessarily come from nature. A system of three electromagnets placed perpendicular to each other can define the space<\/li>
  7. An optical positioning system is based on an optical element, such as a total station, which is an electronic\/optical instrument used for surveying and building construction. It is an electronically transmitted latitude and longitude instrument with integrated electronic distance measurement (EDM) for measuring vertical and horizontal angles and slope distances from the instrument to specific points, as well as an on-board computer for collecting data and performing triangulation calculations<\/li>
  8. Magnetic positioning exploits the typical magnetic field anomalies in indoor settings and uses them as unique place identification features. Magnetic sensor data from smartphones is used to wirelessly locate objects or people inside buildings. Magnetic positioning appears to be the most complete and cost-effective. It provides accuracy, has no hardware requirements, and has a relatively low total cost of ownership.GiPStech<\/a>Proprietary indoor positioning solution developed through intelligent integration of geomagnetic and inertial algorithms<\/li>
  9. Hybrid positioning: Each technique has its advantages and disadvantages, so most systems use multiple techniques. Systems based on relative position changes (e.g., inertial systems) require periodic calibration against systems with absolute position measurements. Systems that combine two or more techniques are called hybrid positioning systems<\/li><\/ol>\n\n

    Indoor positioning technology<\/mark><\/a><\/h2>\n\n

    Indoor positioning system (IPS) is a network of systems for locating people or objects where GPS, Beidou and other satellite technologies lack accuracy or fail completely, especially in multi-story buildings, shopping malls, train stations, airports, streets, parking lots, and underground locations; due to weak or absent signals from public networks it is difficult to implement relevant location information. or non-existent, it is difficult to implement relevant positioning information. While there are several successfully implemented systems in the industry, there is no universal standard for indoor positioning; instead, each installation is customized based on space dimensions, building materials, number of users, power consumption, accuracy needs, and budget constraints.<\/p>\n\n

    A wide variety of techniques and devices are used to provide indoor positioning, ranging from already deployed systems to reconfigured devices such as smartphones, WiFi and Bluetooth antennas, digital cameras, and clocks; to customized systems in which beacons are placed throughout customized and defined spaces. Light, radio waves, magnetic fields, acoustic signals and behavioral analysis are all used in indoor positioning system networks, for example, theVBOX's VIPS system<\/a>High positional accuracy can be achieved using UWB communication techniques; this accuracy is comparable to RTK-enabled GNSS receivers and can be achieved up to 2 cm outdoors. Indoor positioning systems use different techniques, including measurements to nearby anchor nodes (nodes with a known fixed position, e.g., WiFi \/ LiFi access points, Bluetooth beacons, or UWB Ultra Wideband beacons), magnetic localization, and navigational position derivation. They either actively locate mobile devices and tags or provide ambient location or environmental context for the device to be sensed. The characteristics of indoor positioning lead to design fragmentation, with systems utilizing a variety of optical, radio, and even acoustic technologies to accomplish the required design.<\/p>\n\n

    Virtually any wireless technology can be used for indoor positioning, and many different systems utilize the existing wireless infrastructure for indoor positioning; the accuracy of the positioning is dependent on the input and density of the equipment. The technologies for radio indoor positioning contain.ZigBee positioning<\/a>,Lora Positioning<\/a>,Bluetooth localization<\/a>,Ultra-wideband UWB positioning<\/a>,WIFI localization<\/a>, please refer to the station documentation:What are the types of indoor positioning techniques<\/a>The<\/p>\n\n

    UWB History<\/h2>\n\n