[Internet of Things Communication Technology] - NFC

summarize

NFC (Near Field Communication), as the name suggests, is about short-rangeWireless communication technologyThe so-called near-field refers to the electromagnetic field of radio waves, which follows Maxwell's equations (the electric and magnetic fields will always alternate in the process of propagation from the transmitting antenna to the receiving antenna, and enhance each other when they do so), for example, the radio signals used by our cell phones are propagated using this principle, and this method is called far-field communication. In the electromagnetic wave within 10 wavelengths, the electric field and the magnetic field are independent of each other, when the electric field does not have much significance, but the magnetic field can be used for short-distance communication, we call it near-field communication.

One of the biggest advantages of NFC is that it doesn't require pairing or manual input to establish a connection - the click takes less than a second. In contrast, Bluetooth devices must be paired with each other, which is a tedious process.NFC is also more efficient thanbluetoothrespond in singingUWBMore energy efficient because the transmission range is very short (within 10 centimeters).

histories

• In 2003, NXP (Philips) and Sony developed a wireless communication technology compatible with the current ISO14443 contactless card protocol and named it NFC (Near Field CommunicaTIon).
• A non-profit industry association was created in 2004 by NXP (Philips), Sony and Nokia - theNFC ForumThe NFC Forum has hundreds of members around the world, including NOKIA, Sony, Philips, LG, Motorola, NXP, NEC, Samsung, atoam, Intel, Meizu, BBK, vivo, OPPO, Xiaomi, China Mobile, Huawei, ZTE, Shanghai Tongyao and Taiwan Cheng Loong. China Mobile, Huawei, ZTE, Shanghai Tongyao and Taiwan Cheng Loong.
• 2007: Innovision's NFC tags used for the first time in consumer trials with Nokia 6131 handsets in the UK
• 2010: Nokia C7: First NFC-enabled smartphone launched
• 2010: Samsung Nexus S: The First Android NFC Phone
• 2011: Research In Motion devices are the first to be certified for MasterCard's global PayPass service
• November 2015: the launch of Google's Android Pay feature, a direct competitor to Apple Pay

Technical characteristics

The technology involved in NFC is relatively simple, having evolved from Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology, with the NFC chip operating as part of a wireless link. Once it is activated by another chip, a small amount of data can be transmitted between two devices when they are within a few centimeters of each other.NFC has three modes of operation

• active mode: The NFC terminal can act as a reader, emitting RF fields to recognize and read/write information from other NFC devices.
• passive modeThe NFC terminal is then modeled as a card, which only passively responds to the RF field emitted by the other device and is read/written to.
• two-way mode: Both NFC terminals actively emit RF fields to establish point-to-point communication. Equivalent to both NFC devices being in active mode.

Application Areas

• data transmission: For example, Android Beam, which was implemented in 2011 in Android Ice Cream Sandwich 4.0, allows for the transfer of photos, contacts, and other related information by placing two phones together; information and data can be transferred by turning on NFC on both devices.
• mobile payment: Most debit and credit cards already have NFC tags built in, and software such as Samsung Pay, Google Pay, and Apple Pay use your smartphone's NFC chip to make contactless payments; the apps mentioned above simply emulate these tags with permission from the issuing bank or financial institution, and once configured, all you have to do is bring your smartphone or wearable device close to the card reader.
• Quick Match: Many wireless speakers and headphones use it to exchange pairing information with smartphones. Some cameras also use it to quickly activate a Wi-Fi Direct connection for easy transfer of photos and videos
• mass transit: Public transportation in many cities, including Hong Kong, Singapore and London, use NFC-based cards as an access control mechanism for public transportation, so there is no need to carry a transit card when going out.
• play::Amiibo Amiibo is an official Nintendo hand puppet or card with virtual content, players just need to use the Switch's controller to read the data inside the model to get some special rewards in the game, depending on the game.Amiibo is essentially an NFC chip with data.
• Home automation equipment: Some smart home platforms, including Home Assistant and Apple's HomeKit, also support NFC.Using apps on Android and iOS, you can configure out-of-the-box NFC tags to control devices or automation.
• Equipment Configuration: May 2022NidecDeveloped a device, the Commander S and Marshal is the world's first drive with application control as standard on every drive, using NFC communication, which allows users to quickly talk to their drive

NFC Chip Suppliers

• NXP NXP
• INSIDESecure: December 2022 wasRambusacquire (a company)
• ST STMicroelectronics
• Infineon
• Broadcom
• SONY Sony
• Shanghai Feiju Microelectronics
• Shenzhen Xinyicheng
• Shanghai Fudan Microelectronics
• Tongfang Rui'an Technology

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